Personal tools

UBERON:0001155: Difference between revisions

From FANTOM5_SSTAR

Jump to: navigation, search
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{UBERON
{{UBERON
|id=UBERON:0001155
|alt_id=UBERON:FMA_14543-FMA_7201-MA_0000333-MA_0000335-MAP_0000001-MIAA_0000046-XAO_0000131-XAO_0000243-ZFA_0000706
|name=colon
|anatomical_img_id=FMA:14543
|namespace=
|def="Last portion of the digestive system in most vertebrates; it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body[WP] In mammals, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon[WP]. In zebrafish, the posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-050120-6'>Wallace et al, 2005.</a>" [Wikipedia:Colon_(anatomy), ZFIN:curator]
|xref=AAO:0010400;;BTO:0000269;;EFO:0000361;;EHDAA2:0000779;;EMAPA:18939;;EV:0100079;;FMA:14543;;GAID:309;;galen:Colon;;MA:0000335;;MAP:0000001;;MAT:0000526;;MESH:A.03.492.411.495.356;;ncithesaurus:Colon;;OpenCyc:Mx4rvgLEM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA;;SCTID:302508007;;TAO:0000706;;VHOG:0000648;;XAO:0000243;;ZFA:0000706
|is_a=UBERON:0000063;;UBERON:0004119
|synonym="hindgut" RELATED [];;"large bowel" EXACT [];;"posterior intestine" NARROW [];;"posterior intestine - zebrafish" BROAD []
|comment=TODO: abstract this such that it legitimately covers all vertebrates
|comment=TODO: abstract this such that it legitimately covers all vertebrates
|alt_id=UBERON:FMA_14543-FMA_7201-MA_0000333-MA_0000335-MAP_0000001-MIAA_0000046-XAO_0000131-XAO_0000243-ZFA_0000706
|disjoint_from=
|union_of=
|created_by=
|created_by=
|obo_creation_date=
|def="Last portion of the digestive system in most vertebrates; it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body[WP] In mammals, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon[WP]. In zebrafish, the posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. <a href
|subset=uberon_slim;;vertebrate_core
|adjacent_to=
|derives_from=
|derives_from=
|develops_from=
|develops_from=
|disjoint_from=
|has_quality=
|has_quality=
|id=UBERON:0001155
|is_a=UBERON:0004921
|is_obsolete=
|located_in=
|located_in=
|name=colon
|namespace=FANTOM
|obo_creation_date=
|part_of=UBERON:0000059
|part_of=UBERON:0000059
|property_value=IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/cl-to-uberon.obo.owl;;IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl
|is_obsolete=
|preceded_by=
|preceded_by=
|property_value=IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/cl-to-uberon.owl;;IAO:0000412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl;;UBPROP:0000001 "The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body.[AAO]" xsd:string;;UBPROP:0000001 "The posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO]" xsd:string
|subset=uberon_slim;;vertebrate_core
|synonym="hindgut" RELATED [];;"large bowel" EXACT [];;"posterior intestine" NARROW [];;"posterior intestine - zebrafish" BROAD []
|union_of=
|xref=AAO:0010400;;BTO:0000269;;EFO:0000361;;EHDAA2:0000779;;EMAPA:18939;;EV:0100079;;FMA:14543;;GAID:309;;galen:Colon;;MA:0000335;;MAP:0000001;;MAT:0000526;;MESH:A.03.492.411.495.356;;ncithesaurus:Colon;;OpenCyc:Mx4rvgLEM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA;;SCTID:302508007;;TAO:0000706;;VHOG:0000648;;XAO:0000243;;ZFA:0000706
}}
}}

Latest revision as of 17:16, 12 September 2014

Name:colon
Namespace:FANTOM
Definition:"Last portion of the digestive system in most vertebrates; it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body[WP] In mammals, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon[WP]. In zebrafish, the posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. <a href
Xrefs:
links:

AAO:0010400
BTO:0000269
EFO:0000361
EHDAA2:0000779
EMAPA:18939
EV:0100079
FMA:14543
GAID:309
galen:Colon
MA:0000335
MAP:0000001
MAT:0000526
MESH:A.03.492.411.495.356
ncithesaurus:Colon
OpenCyc:Mx4rvgLEM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
SCTID:302508007
TAO:0000706
VHOG:0000648
XAO:0000243

ZFA:0000706
Synonyms: "hindgut" RELATED []
"large bowel" EXACT []
"posterior intestine" NARROW []
"posterior intestine - zebrafish" BROAD []
Comments:TODO: abstract this such that it legitimately covers all vertebrates
Alt_id: UBERON:FMA_14543-FMA_7201-MA_0000333-MA_0000335-MAP_0000001-MIAA_0000046-XAO_0000131-XAO_0000243-ZFA_0000706
Subset: uberon_slim
vertebrate_core

Ontology association<br>Each term has an is_a parent in the Uberon Ontology, which has a linkage to an another entity and FANTOM5 samples.Libraries were grouped into mutually exclusive facets according to the FANTOM5 sample ontology mapping to UBERON ontologies.<br><br>link to ontology dataset<br>data


Parents

is_a:UBERON:0004921(subdivision of digestive tract)
part_of:UBERON:0000059(large intestine)



Children

is a:FF:0100797 (colonic cancer cell line)
derives from:FF:0010014 (human colon - adult sample),FF:0010070 (human colon - fetal sample),FF:0011323 (mouse colon- adult sample)
part of:FF:0000181 (human smooth muscle of colon sample),UBERON:0001153 (caecum),FF:0010070 (human colon - fetal sample),CL:1000280 (smooth muscle cell of colon)

Ontology Tree: Loaded from BioPortal

Ontorolgy tree(Small window open)

FF samples<br>It includes FANTOM5 samples that overlay the Uberon ontology


Human (Homo sapiens)

... further results Mouse (Mus musculus)

... further results


Enrichment analysis: top 100 FFCP enriched with this ontology term TOP 100 FANTOM5 Cage Peaks enriched with UBERON:0001155 (colon), sorted by p-values <br>Analyst: Hideya Kawaji<br><br>link to source dataset <br>human : data <br>mouse : data


P-valueFFCPShort description
1.37e-87FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr4:150822397..150822409,-#_3c506760b257ba2ace0b7df0839e557cp@chr4:150822397..150822409, -
1.37e-87FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr13:28541477..28541493,-#_3c506760b257ba2ace0b7df0839e557cp6@CDX2
1.37e-87FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr13:28541477..28541493,-#_3c506760b257ba2ace0b7df0839e557cp6@CDX2
1.37e-87FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr11:60260248..60260251,+#_3c506760b257ba2ace0b7df0839e557cp1@MS4A12
1.37e-87FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr4:150822397..150822409,-#_3c506760b257ba2ace0b7df0839e557cp@chr4:150822397..150822409, -
1.37e-87FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr11:60260248..60260251,+#_3c506760b257ba2ace0b7df0839e557cp1@MS4A12
2.16e-70FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr16:67463701..67463709,+#_c6ef2a5e2509fcd81afe4620b23d9819p@chr16:67463701..67463709, +
2.16e-70FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr2:200333534..200333558,+#_c6ef2a5e2509fcd81afe4620b23d9819p1@ENST00000446911
2.16e-70FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr2:200333534..200333558,+#_c6ef2a5e2509fcd81afe4620b23d9819p1@ENST00000446911
2.16e-70FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr16:67463701..67463709,+#_c6ef2a5e2509fcd81afe4620b23d9819p@chr16:67463701..67463709, +
2.58e-70FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr11:114430570..114430581,-#_88806d0d2a73fa87de2929c70e9430adp2@FAM55A
2.58e-70FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr11:114430570..114430581,-#_88806d0d2a73fa87de2929c70e9430adp2@FAM55A
3.09e-70FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr16:25228264..25228273,+#_7a315cbdae1ccf6cb8517b8aa89f7c95p1@AQP8
3.09e-70FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr6:168479679..168479688,-#_7a315cbdae1ccf6cb8517b8aa89f7c95p6@FRMD1
3.09e-70FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr16:25228264..25228273,+#_7a315cbdae1ccf6cb8517b8aa89f7c95p1@AQP8
3.09e-70FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr7:100612647..100612650,+#_7a315cbdae1ccf6cb8517b8aa89f7c95p8@MUC12
3.09e-70FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr6:168479679..168479688,-#_7a315cbdae1ccf6cb8517b8aa89f7c95p6@FRMD1
3.09e-70FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr7:100612647..100612650,+#_7a315cbdae1ccf6cb8517b8aa89f7c95p8@MUC12
3.75e-66FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr15:45950466..45950474,+#_66f5eafdf9b0c4b6b6f4b56d1eb8b2e0p@chr15:45950466..45950474, +
3.75e-66FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr1:38201159..38201166,-#_66f5eafdf9b0c4b6b6f4b56d1eb8b2e0p@chr1:38201159..38201166, -
3.75e-66FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr15:45950466..45950474,+#_66f5eafdf9b0c4b6b6f4b56d1eb8b2e0p@chr15:45950466..45950474, +
3.75e-66FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr1:38201159..38201166,-#_66f5eafdf9b0c4b6b6f4b56d1eb8b2e0p@chr1:38201159..38201166, -
6.42e-59FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr11:114522262..114522267,-#_a5c3d88bb81406389ba8a40f79dafcd0p@chr11:114522262..114522267, -
6.42e-59FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr11:114522262..114522267,-#_a5c3d88bb81406389ba8a40f79dafcd0p@chr11:114522262..114522267, -
8.65e-59FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr16:29748234..29748245,-#_82a76f8fa68240c5db3bbd8d6c4895abp@chr16:29748234..29748245, -
8.65e-59FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr16:29748234..29748245,-#_82a76f8fa68240c5db3bbd8d6c4895abp@chr16:29748234..29748245, -
1.0e-58FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr1:155912696..155912738,-#_5eadc0f6e277b37f6ee1b61b3bb71a7ap@chr1:155912696..155912738, -
1.0e-58FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr1:155912696..155912738,-#_5eadc0f6e277b37f6ee1b61b3bb71a7ap@chr1:155912696..155912738, -
1.35e-58FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr21:44151895..44151908,+#_73b3a03c1e8f48fabf6fab6fa61fdc99p6@PDE9A
1.35e-58FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr21:44151895..44151908,+#_73b3a03c1e8f48fabf6fab6fa61fdc99p6@PDE9A
1.6e-52FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr13:28543409..28543420,-#_14accade468969b63d2739a57237cdbbp8@CDX2
1.6e-52FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr13:28543409..28543420,-#_14accade468969b63d2739a57237cdbbp8@CDX2
1.32e-50FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr8:86253920..86253944,-#_55f4cbc718fdad2c383d5cf117d2403dp2@CA1
1.32e-50FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr8:86253920..86253944,-#_55f4cbc718fdad2c383d5cf117d2403dp2@CA1
1.32e-50FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr7:100612686..100612700,+#_55f4cbc718fdad2c383d5cf117d2403dp3@MUC12
1.32e-50FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr7:100612686..100612700,+#_55f4cbc718fdad2c383d5cf117d2403dp3@MUC12
1.49e-50FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr7:100612141..100612155,-#_dda707e8247cb3604bcb7178a1e52457p@chr7:100612141..100612155, -
1.49e-50FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr3:108476254..108476257,-#_dda707e8247cb3604bcb7178a1e52457p1@RETNLB
1.49e-50FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr7:100612141..100612155,-#_dda707e8247cb3604bcb7178a1e52457p@chr7:100612141..100612155, -
1.49e-50FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr3:108476254..108476257,-#_dda707e8247cb3604bcb7178a1e52457p1@RETNLB
1.7e-50FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr12:12223888..12223897,+#_5133412603218b65adad777d7d0be92bp6@BCL2L14
1.7e-50FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr12:12223888..12223897,+#_5133412603218b65adad777d7d0be92bp6@BCL2L14
2.19e-50FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr6:168479694..168479708,-#_028a95b9a1e3120fcccce9a7c2a2e73fp3@FRMD1
2.19e-50FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr6:168479694..168479708,-#_028a95b9a1e3120fcccce9a7c2a2e73fp3@FRMD1
2.49e-50FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr11:114466471..114466474,-#_2f72cde143db95b84fb1bbcea7673c02p4@FAM55D
2.49e-50FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr11:114466471..114466474,-#_2f72cde143db95b84fb1bbcea7673c02p4@FAM55D
2.83e-50FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr17:1013514..1013520,-#_d61164d839dc7fcaf7d336fdb66efeeep@chr17:1013514..1013520, -
2.83e-50FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr17:1013514..1013520,-#_d61164d839dc7fcaf7d336fdb66efeeep@chr17:1013514..1013520, -
4.7e-50FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr11:114466477..114466489,-#_55c68f05cb65e83da7c4cc2a8875063bp1@FAM55D
4.7e-50FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr11:114466498..114466513,-#_55c68f05cb65e83da7c4cc2a8875063bp3@FAM55D
4.7e-50FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr11:114466477..114466489,-#_55c68f05cb65e83da7c4cc2a8875063bp1@FAM55D
4.7e-50FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr11:114466498..114466513,-#_55c68f05cb65e83da7c4cc2a8875063bp3@FAM55D
6.62e-50FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr2:200329672..200329678,-#_490e7f423ab566e6f25523dd5fb6639ep50@SATB2
6.62e-50FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr2:200329672..200329678,-#_490e7f423ab566e6f25523dd5fb6639ep50@SATB2
7.64e-50FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr4:120243266..120243277,-#_b60046092abc4d6659c321a5307eb449p2@FABP2
7.64e-50FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr4:120243266..120243277,-#_b60046092abc4d6659c321a5307eb449p2@FABP2
9.25e-50FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr5:78505723..78505730,+#_1806b45ab2b96396072e3f38eed11820p@chr5:78505723..78505730, +
9.25e-50FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr5:78505723..78505730,+#_1806b45ab2b96396072e3f38eed11820p@chr5:78505723..78505730, +
9.25e-50FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr20:9313938..9313946,+#_1806b45ab2b96396072e3f38eed11820p@chr20:9313938..9313946, +
9.25e-50FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr20:9313938..9313946,+#_1806b45ab2b96396072e3f38eed11820p@chr20:9313938..9313946, +
1.84e-48FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr10:101292731..101292741,+#_9e54099e498f5e5625483c58ffaf66edp2@NKX2-3
1.84e-48FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr10:101292731..101292741,+#_9e54099e498f5e5625483c58ffaf66edp2@NKX2-3
4.09e-46FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr3:150966718..150966738,-#_f311c45389df36d93aa952676f52605bp9@P2RY14
4.09e-46FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr3:150966718..150966738,-#_f311c45389df36d93aa952676f52605bp9@P2RY14
9.46e-46FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr18:29769995..29770009,+#_d83e1b3d3b5b106562e016b4ac5de47ap1@MEP1B
9.46e-46FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr18:29769995..29770009,+#_d83e1b3d3b5b106562e016b4ac5de47ap1@MEP1B
9.75e-45FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr15:45950495..45950505,+#_5730b40bfa6ba31c21bc0950758d0347p@chr15:45950495..45950505, +
9.75e-45FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr18:8974567..8974578,+#_5730b40bfa6ba31c21bc0950758d0347p@chr18:8974567..8974578, +
9.75e-45FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr15:45950495..45950505,+#_5730b40bfa6ba31c21bc0950758d0347p@chr15:45950495..45950505, +
9.75e-45FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr12:52473515..52473526,+#_5730b40bfa6ba31c21bc0950758d0347p3@ENST00000546390, p3@uc009zme.1
9.75e-45FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr18:8974567..8974578,+#_5730b40bfa6ba31c21bc0950758d0347p@chr18:8974567..8974578, +
9.75e-45FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr12:52473515..52473526,+#_5730b40bfa6ba31c21bc0950758d0347p3@ENST00000546390, p3@uc009zme.1
9.75e-45FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr18:8974610..8974620,+#_5730b40bfa6ba31c21bc0950758d0347p@chr18:8974610..8974620, +
9.75e-45FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr18:8974610..8974620,+#_5730b40bfa6ba31c21bc0950758d0347p@chr18:8974610..8974620, +
9.75e-45FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr19:42190911..42190925,-#_5730b40bfa6ba31c21bc0950758d0347p@chr19:42190911..42190925, -
9.75e-45FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr19:42190911..42190925,-#_5730b40bfa6ba31c21bc0950758d0347p@chr19:42190911..42190925, -
9.75e-45FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr3:164875937..164875960,-#_5730b40bfa6ba31c21bc0950758d0347p1@ENST00000472120
9.75e-45FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr3:164875937..164875960,-#_5730b40bfa6ba31c21bc0950758d0347p1@ENST00000472120
1.45e-44FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr11:114430588..114430608,-#_28c77c0c7c597f10872f3bfe04b3e0aep1@FAM55A
1.45e-44FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr11:114430588..114430608,-#_28c77c0c7c597f10872f3bfe04b3e0aep1@FAM55A
1.63e-44FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr11:114466397..114466426,-#_21a3aab7b5850e5a31044735944a0eacp2@FAM55D
1.63e-44FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr11:114466397..114466426,-#_21a3aab7b5850e5a31044735944a0eacp2@FAM55D
2.03e-44FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr15:40648275..40648301,+#_a88da10b4f7580b8ef02625d549456e4p@chr15:40648275..40648301, +
2.03e-44FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr15:40648275..40648301,+#_a88da10b4f7580b8ef02625d549456e4p@chr15:40648275..40648301, +
3.18e-44FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr1:167059705..167059714,-#_13380c68b39cfb475d2e702d67911e77p6@GPA33
3.18e-44FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr1:167059705..167059714,-#_13380c68b39cfb475d2e702d67911e77p6@GPA33
4.52e-44FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr18:44716456..44716461,+#_5cae384b8573e7f9c7bfb840e5b9ffcbp@chr18:44716456..44716461, +
4.52e-44FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr14:93595014..93595015,-#_5cae384b8573e7f9c7bfb840e5b9ffcbp@chr14:93595014..93595015, -
4.52e-44FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr4:82849680..82849681,-#_5cae384b8573e7f9c7bfb840e5b9ffcbp@chr4:82849680..82849681, -
4.52e-44FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr4:82849680..82849681,-#_5cae384b8573e7f9c7bfb840e5b9ffcbp@chr4:82849680..82849681, -
4.52e-44FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr18:44716456..44716461,+#_5cae384b8573e7f9c7bfb840e5b9ffcbp@chr18:44716456..44716461, +
4.52e-44FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr14:93595014..93595015,-#_5cae384b8573e7f9c7bfb840e5b9ffcbp@chr14:93595014..93595015, -
5.54e-44FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr4:57138437..57138479,+#_87f58eb7b441abbd4bfb24e7aac6b2fap1@KIAA1211
5.54e-44FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr4:57138437..57138479,+#_87f58eb7b441abbd4bfb24e7aac6b2fap1@KIAA1211
7.52e-44FFCP PHASE2:Mm9::chr7:148822638..148822643,-#_d9b5752f8a5df381abf2efb564088a05p@chr7:148822638..148822643, -
7.52e-44FFCP PHASE1:Mm9::chr7:148822638..148822643,-#_d9b5752f8a5df381abf2efb564088a05p@chr7:148822638..148822643, -
9.83e-43FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chrX:100129340..100129353,-#_811ec7a0e750306dd509417bba5b4a1cp2@NOX1
9.83e-43FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chrX:100129340..100129353,-#_811ec7a0e750306dd509417bba5b4a1cp2@NOX1
6.29e-41FFCP PHASE2:Hg19::chr16:86229728..86229756,+#_b28b86adccb786ffb6518fda7b1850e9p@chr16:86229728..86229756, +
6.29e-41FFCP PHASE1:Hg19::chr16:86229728..86229756,+#_b28b86adccb786ffb6518fda7b1850e9p@chr16:86229728..86229756, +










Property "Property value" (as page type) with input value "UBPROP:0000001 "The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body.[AAO]" xsd:string" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process., Property "Property value" (as page type) with input value "UBPROP:0000001 "The posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO]" xsd:string" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.